Multi-Objective Optimization of Photovoltaic (PV) Integration in Residential Buildings

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into residential buildings offers a promising pathway to enhance self-consumption, reduce carbon emissions, and improve economic returns in urban settings through renewable energy utilization. As urbanization accelerates and energy demands grow, optimizing the placement of PV systems on building surfaces, including roofs and façades, is crucial for achieving sustainability goals. This study employs a multi-objective optimization framework for PV integration, balancing energy and economic objectives.

The primary energy objective is maximizing load matching, ensuring that the generated PV power closely aligns with the building’s energy demand. Economic objectives include optimizing net present value, payback period, and levelized cost of energy. A typical residential building was modeled, with single-objective functions addressing these goals, while a multi-objective approach analyzes trade-offs using Pareto fronts to identify optimal solutions.

Furthermore, the study evaluates the impact of 12 distinct load profiles, representing various building heating systems, to assess the influence of consumption patterns on PV optimization outcomes. The results underscore the critical role of load patterns and installation cost variations in determining optimal PV configurations. Influences of the modelling of irradiance, through the reflection an issue irradiance modelling on the optimal design. These findings demonstrate how optimized PV allocations can enhance energy efficiency and economic feasibility across diverse building conditions and locations.

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